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101.
建立在亚当.斯密分工理论基础之上的经典的企业组织形式,从20世纪80年代开始发生了动摇。团队生产、多任务的小组(或者个人)的生产组织形式开始在企业中出现并不断扩展。然而这种组织变革的发生难以用传统的分工理论来解释。本文通过对Becker-Murphy分工模型的扩展,说明组织变革发生的原因。发现在分工深化的同时协调成本的上升,以及协调成本背后知识的分工与整合,是企业内分工或者说企业组织变革的主要原因。 相似文献
102.
知识在企业运行和发展过程中的作用及地位日益突出,知识正在改变着当代企业的生产方式和经营理念,知识资源已成为企业发展的第一要素,应运而生的企业知识管理成为现代企业发展的核心动力。本文对知识管理的内涵进行了研究,同时介绍了知识管理的技术和方法,在此基础上设计了现代企业知识管理系统的基本框架。 相似文献
103.
文章充分利用项目和岗位在实践中承载知识的有利条件,面向项目和岗位,提出了在建设项目管理中建立与优化知识库的新思路,即应该从知识的来源分类存贮知识,并根据知识的应用范围和应用条件建立分级分类的知识库体系;通过串行和并行智能体Agent辅助岗位完成知识的采集与挖掘,使整个知识库体系在应用中具备自我学习和发展的能力。 相似文献
104.
知识员工雇佣管理模式研究--基于SHRM的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从战略人力资源管理的视角,综合运用知识资本理论和战略管理理论熏以知识员工异质性为研究的逻辑起点,根据知识员工所拥有知识的战略价值及企业专用性这两个维度,把知识员工分为先锋型、工兵型、卫士型和盟友型等四种类型,然后较深入地分析了各类知识员工的特点,并在此基础上提出了差异化雇佣管理模式。文章最后还就差异化雇佣管理所带来的问题进行了研究,一方面丰富了雇佣关系管理理论的内容,另一方面也为中国的知识型和高科技企业在实践中分层分类雇佣管理知识员工提供了理论依据。 相似文献
105.
Alister Jones Judy Moreland 《International Journal of Technology and Design Education》2004,14(2):121-140
This paper describes the frameworks and cognitive tools that have been developed to enhance practising teachers' pedagogical
content knowledge in primary school technology education. The frameworks evolved from our research that firstly examined existing
teaching practices, secondly enhanced formative interactions and thirdly enhanced summative assessment strategies. The evidence
gained over the three years demonstrated how the effective use of frameworks could be utilised to enhance teacher pedagogical
content knowledge (PCK). How we see learning is of prime importance in examining the development of teacher pedagogical content
knowledge. A sociocultural view of learning is taken where human mental processes are situated within their historical, cultural
and institutional setting. In the research project we strongly emphasised the need for teachers to build a knowledge base
for teaching technology. Critical aspects identified as enhancing PCK included: negotiated intervention, planning frameworks,
reflection on case studies, workshops and support in classrooms, appropriate resources, teacher agreement meetings, portfolios
of student work and summative profiles. The increased PCK resulted in: enhanced teacher knowledge about technology including
the nature of technology, areas of technology and specific technological knowledge, changed pedagogical approaches, enhanced
teacher student interaction, refinement of appropriate learning outcomes, critical decision making, improved teacher confidence,
and enhanced student learning. Seven characteristics or features of pedagogical content knowledge that we believe are important
for effective teaching and learning in technology are presented.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
106.
企业边界的多种变化及其原因 总被引:29,自引:3,他引:29
企业边界普遍发生着显著变化。探索企业边界变化的原因有助于对企业性质的进一步理解。企业边界可以由企业内运用知识的规模决定,也可以由交易效率与生产效率的相对比较决定。信息技术节约交易费用,因而强化了企业间按照生产效率的分工,而知识交易效率的低下,导致越来越具有知识经验仓库性质的现代企业扩大着边界。交易费用论作为分析方法,对解释企业性质仍是有效的。 相似文献
107.
装备制造业集群耦合结构:一个产业集群研究的新视角 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
我国老工业基地的装备制造业集群一直游离于产业集群理论与实证研究之外,本文在国内外研究人员产业集群研究成果基础上,结合装备制造产业特点,提出耦合的研究视角。文章借鉴系统耦合的思想,把装备制造业集群要素间的经济联系和内在产业关联抽象为制造企业耦合、集群产业耦合以及区域社会网络耦合三层结构,构建装备制造业集群耦合结构;结合集群耦合度模型,研究装备制造业集群的耦合机理和影响集群要素耦合度的因素。并以沈阳装备制造业集群为例,分析沈阳装备制造业集群发展中存在的问题,相应提出促进集群要素耦合的对策。 相似文献
108.
Yu-Ting Hsieh Tsung-Kang Chen Yi-Jie Tseng Ruey-Ching Lin 《The International Journal of Accounting》2018,53(4):314-334
This study examines how top management team (TMT) knowledge and average tenure affect accrual-based earnings management by investigating 4791 Taiwanese listed companies from 2006 to 2010. TMT members with more knowledge (higher education level, more accounting expertise, and greater prior top management experience) and longer average tenure have better performances and higher reputations, and are more aware of the litigation costs of earnings manipulations; therefore, they reduce managers' incentives to manage earnings (incentive-reduction effect). On the other hand, these TMT members are also likely to become entrenched and engage in more earnings manipulations (entrenchment-enhancing effect). The empirical results show that firms' TMT knowledge and average tenure are negatively associated with discretionary accruals, suggesting that the incentive-reduction effect is stronger than the entrenchment-enhancing effect, which makes TMT members less likely to engage in earnings management. Moreover, the above results are robust when employing different earnings management measures and suspect firm analyses, as well as considering endogeneity issues. Finally, the study suggests that the presence of a founding family may reduce the influences of TMT knowledge and average tenure on earnings management. 相似文献
109.
While recent research into foreign direct investment (FDI) has focused on examining the importance of institutions, corruption, money laundering, and tax havens, the role of globalization on FDI has not yet been explored. This research investigates the impacts of globalization on outward FDI. We find that both overall globalization and its economic and social dimensions significantly positively influence outward FDI flows. We also demonstrate that beyond the level of globalization, corruption, money laundering, and the status of a country as a tax haven, cross-country similarity also plays an important role. Accordingly, policies specifically designed to increase the transparency of outward FDI flows should be required to address money laundering and the existence of tax havens. 相似文献
110.
The literature on organizational learning asserts that external learning is often limited geographically and technologically. We scrutinize to what extent organizations acquire external knowledge by accessing external knowledge repositories. We argue that professional service firms (PSFs) grant access to nonlocalized knowledge repositories and thereby not only facilitate external learning but also help to overcome localization. Focusing on patent law firms, we test our predictions using a unique dataset of 544,820 pairs of European patent applications. Analyzing patterns of knowledge flows captured in patent citations, we find that accessing a PSF's repository facilitates the acquisition of external knowledge. As the effect is more pronounced for knowledge that is distant to a focal organization, we conclude that having access to a knowledge repository compensates for localization disadvantages. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献